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Published June, 2007

  Who Should Buy this Report
  • Data Centre operators
  • Colocation and Hosting Companies
  • Integrators
  • Infrastructure and Connectivity Providers
  • Blade Server Suppliers
  • Power, Heating and Cooling Suppliers
  • Security service providers
  • Application service companies
  • Regulatory Organisations
  • Law Firms
  • Consultancies
  • Financial and Investment Services Organisations

Report Synopsis

“It is almost certain that over the next 12 - 24 months a range of Data Centre related environmental standards and laws will be released in most developed countries.”

With an increased demand for services, more and more IT hardware is being deployed in data centre facilities. As a result, concern current focuses on spiralling energy consumption and costs, and dwindling capacity, and data centres are attracting increased scrutiny from CIOs, CFOs, the general public, politicians, regulatory bodies, lobbyists and mass media. Cost and corporate responsibility have produced pressure to make data centres “greener” and ecologically friendly, reduce carbon emissions and develop sustainable IT policies.

Researched over a period of five months, this timely report is the first ever to analyse the drivers and issues confronting data centres in their quest to go green, and describes the practicalities of implementing green strategies. Public pressure, legislation on statute books (and the unknown requirements yet to be defined and imposed) have collectively shifted the green argument to the forefront, and MNCs, a key user of data centres, are already making the enforcement of environmental objectives a key part of business competitive strategy:

“Anecdotal evidence suggests that most of the large tenders in the Data Centre space issued since the end of 2006 include environmental impact and corporate responsibilities as essential assessment criteria.”

The report provides a comprehensive review of the drivers behind the “Green Data Centre”, assess the current trends in facilities design, and the advances in Data Centre related hardware and services. The report includes case studies of environmentally friendly Data Centres and can be used a reference by a wide audience.

Defining the characteristics of green data centres - and potential advantages to companies adopting these policies - the report assesses inefficiencies in the data centre (“an average Data Centre is using around 50 times more energy than an office block”), server proliferation and rising data centre density. 2010 is looking to be a point it says, at which power and cooling costs will overtake hardware expenditures.

However a range of initiatives are under way and detailed in the report, much of it originating in the US, including the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Energy Star programme and the LEED Building programme. The viability of “green” Data Centres is assessed from both design and technology perspectives and vendor responses to the environmental issues facing the Data Centres is included. Building design is also discussed, and the report includes case studies of Fannie Mae and Highdeal, the first certified green data centres in the US.

The core of the report looks at the practical implementation of green data centres and takes readers through the processes they must address in formulating green strategies across a wide range of criteria. An outline list of recommendations for data centres to follow is included. The report also documents the range of power resources available including the experimental.

“Unfortunately,” says the report, “there is no single recipe how to get to the green Data Centre nirvana,” however a series of recommendations are provided for data centre managers. Green is becoming a significant factor in designing new Data Centres as well as refurbishing existing facilities. The main driving forces however are operational cost savings, and the threat that companies may be penalised in the future for excessive carbon footprints.

Before embarking on any change or new build, the report recommends firms to conduct due diligence to ensure they future proof as much as possible and mitigate costs that may be incurred later for failure to comply with carbon emission legislation, as well as keeping track of emerging standards.

Overall the report neatly brings together a global purview of the evolution of green data centres, and the many issues involved in the current debate and offers a methodical review and recommendations of steps for data centre managers to take in their quest to be “green”.

Key benefits of the report:

  • 33 Tax Efficient Jurisdictions
  • Current Offshore status
  • Market overview and summary
  • Main challenges and opportunities
  • Unique Scorecard for Offshore Hosting Locations
  • 70 Tables and Charts
  • 166pp

Table of contents

Executive Summary
Research Methodology and Report Objectives

SECTION 1: Green Data Centre drivers

1. Introduction
2. Business and technology drivers

2.1 Overview
2.2 Some cool statistics
2.3 Cost savings
2.4 Sustainability and corporate responsibility
2.5 Legislation changes

2.5.1 USA
2.5.2 European Union
2.5.3 Australia

2.6 Environmental changes
2.7 Energy availability and studies
2.8 Benchmarks and standards

2.8.1 SPEC
2.8.2 Energy Star and related initiatives
2.8.3 Building standards
2.8.4 Recycling standards

3. Facilities and infrastructure design

3.1 The Green Grid
3.2 Chip manufacturers
3.3 Virtualisation
3.4 IT vendors
3.5 Power
3.6 Cooling
3.7 Cabling

4. Building design

4.1 Fannie Mae
4.2 Highmark

5. “Green” Data Centre vendors
6. “Green” consulting services

6.1 IBM
6.2 Syska Hennessy Group

SECTION 2: Green Data Centre in practical terms

7. Key Strategies

7.1 Stocktaking
7.2 Virtualisation
7.3 Cooling and power efficiency

7.3.1 Cooling efficiency
7.3.2 Power efficiency

7.4 Data Centre design

7.4.1 General considerations
7.4.2 Raised floor
7.4.3 Power distribution
7.4.4 Power generation
7.4.5 Cooling and air conditioning
7.4.6 Air and water – side economisers

7.5 Hardware selection

7.5.1 IT equipment
7.5.2 Facilities equipment

7.6 Process improvement
7.7 A balanced approach

8. Technology changes
9. Examples and case studies of “green” Data Centres

9.1 Highmark and Fannie Mae

9.1.1 Highmark
9.1.2 Fannie Mae 7

9.2 Solar powered Data Centres

9.2.1 AISO.Net
9.2.2 Thinkhost

9.3 Geothermal and hydroelectric powered Data Centres
9.4 Wind powered Data Centres
9.5 Other Case Studies

9.5.1 Quebecor and NetApp
9.5.2 Microsoft
9.5.3 Rackspace
9.5.4 Yahoo
9.5.5 Power co-generation

SECTION 3: Conclusion and Recommendations

10. Conclusion
11. Summary & Recommendations

11.1 General Recommendations
11.2 Site Selection
11.3 Site Design and Raised Floor Layout
11.4 Electrical infrastructure
11.5 Mechanical infrastructure
11.6 Cabling infrastructure
11.7 Fire protection
11.8 IT systems
11.9 Data Centre operations and management

12. Useful Resources

12.1 General environmental resources
12.2 General media resources
12.3 Building and construction resources
12.4 Technology – related resources
12.5 General Data Centre resources

APPENDIX ONE

List of charts and tables

DIAGRAMS  
   
Diagram 1. Power distribution within the Data Centre
Diagram 2. Impact of Power and Cooling on Data Centre Infrastructure
Diagram 3. Comparison of server purchase costs vs. power and cooling costs
Diagram 4. Trends in server growth, power demand, power costs and Data Centre densities
Diagram 5. Original power trend projections
Diagram 6. Updated power trend projections
Diagram 7. Server shipments in Asia Pacific by price band
Diagram 8. Extrapolation of power and hardware costs for low end servers
Diagram 9. Changes in greenhouse gases
Diagram 10. Changes in temperature, sea level and snow cover
Diagram 11. US federal R&D funding
Diagram 12. Dependency of UPS efficiency on electrical load
Diagram 13. Energy losses between power generator and IT equipment
Diagram 14. Cooling hierarchy
Diagram 15. Exterior of the Highmark Data Centre and Operations Centre
Diagram 16. Hallmark Data Centre: mechanical plant and UPS battery room
Diagram 17. Fannie Mae Data Centre
   
TABLES  
   
Table 1. Assessment of the likely effect of climate changes
Table 2. Power saving examples
Table 3. Cooling saving examples
Table 4. Comparison of fibre switches power efficiency
Table 5. Benefits of server consolidation





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